Marketing Environment in India Essay Example

Marketing Environment in India Essay The  market environment  is a  marketing  term and refers to all of the forces outside of marketing that affect marketing management’s ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers. The market environment consists of both the macro environment and the micro environment Demographic factors Study of human population in terms of size, density, location, age gender, race, occupation, other stats India’s demographic report findings * Estimated 1. billion people live in India, that makes India 2ND most populous country in the world * 70% of the population lives in rural areas, that trend is slowly changing due to migration to urban area, which is largely due to rapid urbanization * India’s largest urban agglomerate are Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Delhi, Hyderabad amp; Bangalore. * One of the largest middle class in the world, with rising income. * Has one of the largest amp; youngest populations in the world with very high aspiratio n Example of How have companies responded to the changing environment? Young group attracted competitors in the area of motor bikes, readymade garments, mobile phones ,soft drinks(coke,pepsi,gatorrade,red bull), fast food chains (mc Donald, kfc,dominos) * 50% population is woman and their traditional roles have also changed, most women are self-confident and also educated and empowered. This shift has resulted in a whole range of new products like ready to cook, ready mixes, cooking range, washing machine, vacuum cleaner. * More egalitarian relationship between husband amp; wife amp; also a move toward more shared decision making pattern between parents amp; children. Despite these changes the fact remains that most people continue to give more priority to the families amp; families continue to maintain strong kinship, bonds amp; ties. Examples of ads like washing machine, Mdh masala, kurkure ads giving total picture of family amp; love Political amp; legal environment It consists of Government Regulations, policies, social groups etc Any kind of business must be abided by the legal policies of the nation. The Law is for the purpose of protecting customers from exploitation by the business man, to protect interest of society and also to protect companies from unfair competition. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Environment in India specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Environment in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Environment in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Examples of laws in India * Consumer Protection Act, Environment protection Act Indian Contract Act, Competition Law etc. Apart from this every citizen is required to be abided by the Indian Constitution. * In food companies need approval to launch brands that already exist in the market such as another cold drink or a brand of rice * It is mandatory that all vegetarian food products carry green dot amp; all non vegetarian food products carry red dot * All products must have the MRP printed on the pack In India government making the rule that all public transport like the buses amp; auto rickshaw use CNG as fuel instead of diesel amp; petrol Natural environment The natural environment involves natural resources that are needed as inputs by marketers or that are affected by marketing activities. During the past two decades environmental concerns have steadily grown. Some trend analysts labeled the specific areas of concern were: Nature is the source of raw material for the production a product. The raw material may be renewable, infinite or depleting. In all the cases the raw material shall be preserved and wastage must be minimized. Also the pollution should be minimized to preserve the ecology. Marketers in the current scenario try to Go Green and promote the Eco friendly Concept. For Instance Idea promoted Save Paper, and many companies are promoting Go Green campaign. Examples of how natural environment factors influenced marketing decision * campaign against coke in a village in Kerala alleging water shortage amp; environment deterioration in the vicinity environmentalist actively campaigning against the pollution * steel companies have to spend a huge amount of money on pollution control equipment * soap industry have to increase its biodegradability in India the Delhi state government introducing the rule that all public transport like buses amp; auto rickshaw must use CNG instead of diesel amp; petrol * pollution under control certification is a must SOCIO-CULTURAL Culture is set of beliefs and customs pertinent in a society. A marketing campaign must be in tandem with the beliefs. The market should adjus t the decisions with respect to the cultural and social; beliefs. Example of how socio cultural aspects have influenced marketer’s decision making Changing family system in India from large joint family to nuclear family have lead to increasing demands for flats, vehicles and consumer goods * Customs have also influenced marketing strategy, for instance business firms do brisk business during festival like diwali, id, Christmas etc * Pepsi identified the popularity of nimbu pani in rural amp; urban India so they launched nimbus based on the traditional flavor of nimbu pani * In India marriage is a family affair a huge opportunity for business * Because india has many language advertising campaigns have to be launched in national amp; local language * Shift from kirayani ka dukkan to swanky malls like Big bazaar, pantaloons, shopper stop * From scooter to car, large number of Indians interested in buying a car lead to tata company launching the TATA NANO CAR * People becoming more health conscious shift from soft drinks like pepsi amp; coke to Tropicana amp; Real juice. Also the growing fitness amp; health care industry * New trend of finding marriage partners online has lead to the growth of companies like Bharat matrimonial, manorama matrimonial, shaadi. com and others * In many cases firms are able to dilute the cultural beliefs by exposing them to a new culture. This can be validated by the fact that Archieâ⠂¬â„¢s has made its market in India by promoting different occasions like Valentine’s Day, Fathers Day and friendship day. Technological environment Marketers should take account of the accelerating pace of technological change, opportunities for innovation, varying Ramp;D budgets, and the increased governmental regulation brought about by technological change. There are unlimited opportunities for Innovation and every competitor tries to exploit the new usage of the product Examples of how technology has influenced the marketing macro environment * Especially in the retail industry like the large mall the technology has helped retailers to measure the products with modern weighing machines. Earlier, they have used balances which could not measure the merchandise correctly. * Every new technology is a force for â€Å"creative-destruction†. Transistors wiped out the vacuum tube industry; xerography hurt the carbon-paper business; autos hurt the railroads, television hurt the newspapers. Today a large number of people have started to use the internet so advertising as a means of communication is shifting to the internet, com panies like Amazon, eBay and Google exploited this opportunity to make huge money * Data storage is becoming more cheaper, earlier pen drives having even 1 gb capacity were expensive, now 1 gb is become almost non existent. This means that information can be carried along with you and that too lots of them * More and more people have mobile phones amp; most of them have camera that is also a tool of content production * Travel time amp; trade time have become more shorter this means that commodities amp; people can move extremely fast from one place to another * Sites like facebook, twitter, orkut and other blog have tremendously increased human interaction. Every 5 seconds a consumer is posting information about a particular product on the web * Greater emphasis on Ramp;D – Ranbaxy , Zydus, Cadilla , Dr. Reddy’s , Cipla(7-8%of sales)   * Technology has made marketing more innovative amp; also competitive because information can be passed to the consumers faster than ever before Economic environment Consist of factors that affect consumer buying power amp; spending patterns As we know demand is defined as Desire for a product backed by willingness and ability to pay. Thus it is not only the people but also their ability to buy a product is vital for a marketer. Ability to pay can be measured in terms of Income distribution, economic condition of the nation, Credit availability. In the economic arena, marketers need to focus on income distribution and levels of savings, debt, and credit availability Income distribution: NCAER (National Council of Applied Economic Research) has classified Indians as under * Destitute: Household income below Rs. 16000 p. a. (Not active participants in market exchange for a wide variety of goods) * Aspirants: Rs. 16000-22000 p. a. (New entrants into the consumption systems due to Increase in their real income) * Climbers: Rs. 22,000-45,000 p. a. (Have desire and willingness to buy, but have limited Cash in hand). * Consuming Class: Rs. 45,000-Rs. 215,000 (Households forming majority of consumers; have money and are willing to spend) * The Rich : (Those who have money and own a wide variety of products). * The first three income categories show significant growth from 1995-96. The households classified as rich grew by 95% from 95-96 to 06-07, consuming class grew by 132% and climbers by 51%. * Aspirants and destitute decreased by 54% and 50% respectively By income level, the rich grew by 400% in urban areas, and 200% in rural areas, Climbers by 145% in urban areas and 119% in rural areas. There will be a sharper reduction in the number of Aspirants and Destitutes. The trend suggests that the urban areas are likely to witness a relatively higher growth of â€Å"people with money†, who actively participate in market exchange. Indian marketing environment few more examples How some industry leaders lost their competitive advantage? Because they failed to perceive the environmental changes. The decade of 1980 saw many industrial titans losing their competitive advantage to relatively new entrants * Hindustan Motors and Premier Automobiles lost their pre-eminent position in the Indian market to Maruti Udyog’s Maruti800 * Mahindra and Mahindra were shaken up by Maruti Udyog’s Gypsy * Titan watches heralded a new era of watches and shook the giant HMT * Hindustan Levers Surf was cornered by Nirma. * Television giants like NELCO, Crown, Weston, Salora, Bush etc. lost out to absolutely new firms and brands like Onida and Videocon. * Videocon launched its washing machine in1998 and suddenly thereafter, one saw an explosion in the market with about half-a- dozen brands.

Feminist Consciousness in Cat in the Rain Research Paper Example

Feminist Consciousness in Cat in the Rain Research Paper Example Feminist Consciousness in Cat in the Rain Paper Feminist Consciousness in Cat in the Rain Paper Essay Topic: Literature Cat in the Rain is one of Hemingway’s most famous short stories, depicting an American couple spends their holiday in an Italian hotel. The American wife in the story sees a cat crouched under a table in the rain and wants to bring it to her room. When she goes to search for the cat, however, it is gone. So she returns to the hotel room and has a conversation with her husband about finding out the cat and then about changing her whole life. Her husband, however, seems to be terribly annoyed by her and not interested at all. Eventually, the cat is delivered to her room by a maid at the request of the hotelkeeper. These images altogether make it easy to consider the story as an episode of marriage crisis. However, I want to argue that Hemingway conveyed in the story has much to do with the feminist consciousness. We can feel depression and isolation of the American wife from the very beginning of the story. She is in a hotel of a foreign country where they are the only Americans, having to speak an unfamiliar language, with nobody else known but her husband who turns out to be indifferent to her. Her depression mainly comes from him who neglects her needs and feelings. Thus, she is eager to be rescued and to get rid of this depressing situation. At that time, she finds a cat in the rain and wants to help the cat out of the severe environment. The cat is a significant clue that runs through this story. According to Wikipedia, â€Å"‘Though Hemingway learned as a professional reporter how to report facts as they were, he felt that there was a limit to representing reality’ (Kikuchi, 149). This is what he conveys through Cat in the Rain. The idea that there is‘something below the surface’ to this story is particularly evident in relation to the cat. † In western culture, cat has close relationship of metaphor with women. â€Å"Cat† in English is refers to â€Å"evil-minded women,† so the cat in this novel can be seen as the American wife. Their similarity is being lonely, adrift, insecurity and they also can’t control their own destiny. The cat in the rain is just like the women live in the shadow of male-dominated society. The American wife in this novel is very gentle, but her husband’s cold attitude makes her need something to accompany her, at that time, the cat in the rain attracts her attention, she considers the single, helpless cat as herself. : The cat’s bitter experience and unfortunate date certainly resonated with the American wife’s destiny, so she wants to protect the cat, which indicates that the woman herself want to be protected. And the cat lies under the chair to shelter from the rain means the American wife has the consciousness to escape the bondage from traditional social position of women. Besides, the mirror plays an important role in the American wife’s self-realization, because it reflects her exactly, bringing an inner self to her observation and consideration. After she studies over herself in the mirror, she learns what she craves for. â€Å"And I want to eat at a table with my own silver and I want candles. And I want it to be spring and I want to brush my hair out in front of a mirror and I want a kitty and I want some new clothes†¦. Anyway, I want a cat†¦ I want a cat. I want a cat now. If I can’t have long hair or any fun, I can have a cat† (Hemingway, 175). However, her indifferent husband just replies â€Å"Oh, shut up and get something to read† (Hemingway, 175). The American wife wants to change her situation, appearance, hair-style, and the relationship with her husband. This also shows her feminist consciousness appeared. Hemingway is famous for his â€Å"Hemingway code hero† (Jiang, 132). It is also widely known that there is totally no female figure in The Old Man and the Sea. In this short story, where does Hemingway’s feminist consciousness come from? On the one hand, the main cause is the impact of his family. When Hemingway was a child, his mother dressed him up as his older sisters, this made him feel very depressed to the gender nonconforming, but this experience also made him can understand the lack of the right among the women. After his 4th marriage, he still hoped to have a daughter, but in the end this wish was not achieved. This shows he is not a misogynist; on the other hand, Hemingway lives in the age that the females’ arousals of feminism consciousness. The feminist movement occurred at the end of 19th century, especially after the World War One, the females debated with the patriarchal society turns on the issues of social position, economic independence, and political rights. And after their great attempt in a long term, they had got the right to vote in political, and they also had the chance to have their own job, they had short hair, wore short skirt, attend the sport competition. From his personal experience and contemporary tendency, Hemingway is an author who cares about the feminist consciousness as well. In Cat in the Rain, Hemingway uses the image â€Å"cat† and the relationship between the â€Å"cat† and the American wife to show us the feminist consciousness.

A Man In The Middle Attack Computer Science Essay

A Man In The Middle Attack Computer Science Essay Today computer networks are used to transmit large amounts of data which may or may not contain sensitive information. Within this document I will be discussing ways in which your networks may become venerable to attacks. Man in the middle attacks, spanning tree attacks, security issues related to trunking, and security issues relating to identity spoofing. What is a Man in the middle attack? Man in the middle attack is a name given to a type of attack where the person intercepts communication being sent across a data network. This type of attack is also known as a Bucket-brigade attack, Fire brigade attack, Monkey-in-the-middle attack, Session hijacking, TCP hijacking, TCP session hijacking etc. Man in the middle attack is an attack that is usually performed on a internal network. Man in the middle attacks are where hackers introduce a rouge device onto the network then intercept communication between two network devices. This is done by sending out a series of ARP requests and ARP responses to two devices making them think that they are talking to each other. An example of a man in the middle attack would consist of two hosts, host one and host two. The hacker would connect a rouge device, host three, most likely on the same switch that both host one and two are connected to. Once that he is able to communicate on the network he would then send out ARP requests and responses to both host one and two making them believe that he is the other host. This will make host one and two re-route there connection through host three. once host one and host two are communicating between each other via the new connection established by host three, the hacker will now be able to capture packets sent between them. Once an attacker has performed a man in the middle attack, they can use this in a number of ways for example Public Key Exchanging, Command Injection, Malicious Code Injection, Downgrade Attacks etc. There are many tools available that network managers will use in order to monitor their networks. These tools can also be used from a hackers point of view as they allow the hacker to capture packets that are being sent across the network. This essentially allows the hacker to see what you are doing. The following tools are commonly used for capturing and analysing network traffic by an attacker WiresharkÂÂ ® is a network protocol analyzer. It lets you capture and interactively browse the traffic running on a computer network. It has a rich and powerful feature set and is world’s most popular tool of its kind. It runs on most computing platforms including Windows, OS X, Linux, and UNIX. Network professionals, security experts, developers, and educators around the world use it regularly. It is freely available as open source, and is released under the GNU General Public License version 2. http://wireshark.com Ettercap is a comprehensive suite for man in the middle attacks. It features sniffing of live connections, content filtering on the fly and many other interesting tricks. It supports active and passive dissection of many protocols and includes many features for network and host analysis.

Attitudes,values and job satisfaction Research Paper

Attitudes,values and job satisfaction - Research Paper Example This becomes a problem when the recruited personnel are unable to deliver on their mandate or bring the organization (Robins & Judge, 2013). Financial accounting, reporting and advising are perhaps the areas plagued the most by the problem of dishonesty. Accountants fabricate financial statements in bid to either cover up for the company money they have used on personal spending, or for money they want to rob the organization. On the other hand, audit firms are bought into covering up a company’s dishonest or fraudulent financial deals hence reporting inaccurate information to regulatory agencies and authorities such as Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Some financial advisers collude with organizations in influencing potential clients to join their investment deals even when they would have objectively advised against them. Dishonest financial accounting, reporting and advising can affect negatively on organizational attitudes (Wilson, 2004). Dishonesty has adverse effects on job satisfaction. Rationalization makes dishonest employees justify their dishonest conduct on a cost-benefit analysis. The rewards that come with dishonesty are short-lived and they haunt when the person enjoying realizes that these rewards would have gone into helping other deserving people. Additionally, dishonesty affects job satisfaction when a person in the workplace, especially one in a senior position, unfairly denies an employee some benefits and gives them to another person. This is what happens when promotion opportunities are given to people undeservedly and unequally. Employees are dissatisfied with their work when dishonest conduct brings strife and wrangles amongst them (Robins & Judge, 2013). An issue that contributes to the propagation of dishonesty in the workplace is the lack of elaborate oversight measures. When incumbents are not assessed for dishonesty, it leaves a leeway for them to flout an organization’s culture and values.

McClellands Theory of Needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

McClellands Theory of Needs - Essay Example Furthermore the essay also includes the way in which this theory has impacted me in the process of motivating others in the workplace. It is already mentioned earlier that according to McClelland there are three different classes of needs – need for achievement, need for power and need for affiliation. Need for achievement is referred to the internal drive to excel. Such need is responsible for creating a tendency for setting moderately difficult goals which involve moderate risks. Furthermore this need results in a preference regarding situations where personal responsibility is associated with outcomes. Need for power, on the other side, is the need of making others behave in the way in which the person wants. This type of need generates a desire of influencing others and a tendency of advocating riskier positions. The last need is the need for affiliation that is referred to the desire for close and friendly relationships with the co-workers (Robbins & Judge, 2007). Such need is mainly responsible for making people like others. McClelland and all his associates who are involved in the research behind the development of such a crucial theory mainly focused on the first type of need – need for achievement. McClelland’s ‘needs theory’ is one of the most important motivating theories because it is one of those rare theories that are properly supported by extensive research. Furthermore the theory involves three of the most important aspects that are integrally related to the motivation of an individual in a particular organization. According to Charleston C. K. Wang, â€Å"McClelland was careful to note that there is not a one-to-one correspondence between a person’s needs and behavior† (Wang, 1993). It is also found that McClelland used to believe that most of the effective managers have high need for power and low need for affiliation.

Essay --

Classic Books(OUTLINE AND SPEECH) Greeting: Good Morning Sargent Womak, and class; today I will be talking to you guys for the next 5 minutes about Classical Books and how to get started on your own classical book. 1st Paragraph: History, idea of what is a classical book and what makes one up A classical book is considered an exemplary noteworthy book, either through a book award or the reader's personal opinion. The way the words come together to create an interesting story line and excellent reading flow, attribute to the book's exemplary excellence. What makes a "classical" book? Has troubled many author such as Mark Twain, all classical book have one thing in common and it is the pattern in the literature. The story line in most classical book reinterpret events of some sort, and possess the ability to renew the interest of generations of readers not only accomplishing it's creation, but also accomplishing the authors every dream, to have one of their books considered "Classical." The idea of a classical book, is literature that enriches th...

Children Therapy Vs Adult Therapy

Counseling children/adolescents can look very different than counseling adults due to many aspects. Adults have their way of life set In a way that Is hard to change as they get older, but kids are learning who they are and are more open to change. Children start their life depending on others as adults have learned how to live independently. Children and adolescents also cope with their hardships and do not realize that they need help as they have not learned who they can go to if they are having problems.Counseling children/adolescents need certain training and skills to each a level of success that we are looking for in a session. The way of thinking for an adult and a child are deferent in so many ways. The adult brain in adults is fully developed and they are set in their ways that can be hard for a counselor to change. It is hard to transform an adult person when they have gone their whole dealing with issues In a way that may be harmful to themselves or others. Adults have gon e their whole life learning who they can trust and who they cannot trust which makes It difficult for the counselor to gain that trust In an adult client.Children have an easier time trusting as It often takes Just a few minutes to open up to a counselor. Changes in the brain structure and function occur during childhood and adolescence (Henderson & Thompson, 2010). Since their brain is still developing they have not learned their way of handling certain emotions as mentioned in Jean Piglet's four stages of cognitive development. Counselors have to work In a different way when dealing with the thinking processes of adults versus children. Dependency changes to an independent frame of mind as a person gets older.Kids depend on their parents for the basic needs as stated in Measles hierarchy of needs which are physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging, self-esteem, and self- actualization. These needs must be met for us to become self-actualization and reach our full poten tial In all areas of development (Henderson ; Thompson, 2010). Adults that did not meet the lower level of physiological needs such as food, shelter, water, and warmth, may not have met their higher order needs such as self-esteem or love and belonging.People that do not have their basic needs met when they ere younger, may have a hard time with their feelings about themselves or others later on in life. Adults realize that certain things in their lives are not going as they would like, so they wonder whether a counselor could help them. If they realize that they have a problem, they decide on their own to request a counseling session. Children however, never realize that they are having trouble and never think of asking their caregiver to request help for them.Children live with their issues, no matter how serious they may be, and they don't have the Ingenuity to go see a oneself. Instead, the parents or other people close to them notice something Is wrong. Counseling children that do not realize that they need help, makes It harder for the counselor to explain to the person why they are In the session. This can place. Adults usually go to counseling because they have made the choice to go there on their own. Having the client realize that they need help makes it easier on the counselor in the session, but this can come with some push back when dealing with children.Counseling children can come with some adversities which unsolder new to the profession may not be ready for and lack the skills needed to take on these challenges. I feel that building a solid foundation with a kid is important early on in their counseling experience and I would like to learn more about strategies and conversations that would help build that relationship. I have built great relationships with my students at school, but that did take some time which I will not have that much time in a counseling session.Having conversations about their troubles may be hard for a kid to put into wo rks or expressions, so I need o learn how to have a conversation with a child that allows expressing their feelings. I would also like training on the legal issues on what needs to be reported to certain agencies so that I know what to legally do in certain situations. Kids these days are getting their hands on drugs that are new developed each day and I would like training on drugs that I need to be aware of so that I am keeping up with the latest drugs that a client may be trying out. In conclusion, counseling children and adults have their differences.