John F. Kennedy Analysis free essay sample

President John F. Kennedy gave his inaugural address on a January afternoon in 1961. His speech includes many rhetorical devices—included to help convey Kennedy’s subject to his audience. The subject is that human rights are determined by God, rather than the government. Some rhetorical devices Kennedy uses are parallelism, anaphora, and hortative sentences. John F. Kennedy’s use of rhetorical devices within his inaugural address help him convey his message to his audience. John F. Kennedy uses parallelism in his inaugural address to help convey his message to his audience. Near the beginning of his speech John F. Kennedy says that Americans will â€Å"pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe,† in order to preserve liberty. This example of parallelism clarifies to the audience that Kennedy intends to do anything it takes to preserve liberty. Kennedy uses parallelism again in the nineteenth paragraph when he says that both sides of a conflict should join in creating â€Å"a new world of law, where the strong are just and the weak secure and the peace preserved. We will write a custom essay sample on John F. Kennedy Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † His use of parallel structure here tells the audience that Kennedy’s goal is to help all people, while securing freedom and peace. Kennedy’s strongest use of parallelism is in the sixteenth through nineteenth paragraphs when he says, Let both sides explore what problems unite us†¦ Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms†¦ Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science†¦Let both sides unite to†¦ let the oppressed go free. This example of parallelism repetitively states the idea of unity between nations. John F. Kennedy uses anaphora in his inaugural address to help convey his message to his audience. In the eighth paragraph he says, â€Å"not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. † He is pledging to help those who are less fortunate. His use of rhetoric tells the audience that John F. Kennedy will stand for what is right, rather than what is popular. Kennedy uses anaphora again in the twenty-second paragraph when he points out the struggle against poverty, tyranny, disease, and war, â€Å"not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need; not as a call to battle, though embattled we are. † This example of rhetoric emphasizes that we must bear the burden of poverty, tyranny, disease, and war, rather than fight them. John F. Kennedy uses hortative sentence in his inaugural address to help convey his message to his audience. Calls to action make up a good portion of Kennedy’s speech. His repetitive use of â€Å"let both sides† signifies that he does not plan on doing this alone. His approach commands that citizens ask themselves what they can do to help. Kennedy’s diction is very motivating. He uses words such as â€Å"formulate† and â€Å"seek† and â€Å"unite†. These words serve as commands for his audience to formulate a plan, seek the means to carry it out, and to ultimately unite. He says, â€Å"All this will not be finished in the first 100 days. Nor will it be finished in the first 1,000 days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin. † Kennedy is telling his audience that his goals will take a long time to accomplish, but he is calling them to action to begin in taking measures to achieve his goals. His use of rhetoric gives the audience a hope for the future, and motivates them to do their part as citizens for the good of the future. He persuades them in this way before giving his final call to action. Kennedys specific diction, effective rhetoric, and committed tone throughout his inaugural address reassure Americans of the intentions of their new president. His use of rhetorical devices proves to the citizens that he has strong intentions of increasing peace and establishing unity, by emphasizing hiss views, reinforcing his objectives, and calling Americans to action. John F. Kennedy’s use of rhetorical devices within his inaugural address help to convey his message to his audience.

Human brain is better than computer free essay sample

Computers are probably the most important innovations of our times. Technological advancements in computer development have led many people to think that processors are faster than human brains. Inquiries have been made into the subjects. Different researchers and institutions have tried to study the subject to establish facts on this subject, but no satisfactory answers have been drawn. Background of the Study World War II had catastrophic losses on many nations, but at the same time it attacked as the base from which modern technology has been build. Among the many technologies that emerged immediately after the war is computer technology. Actually computers, as computational and analytical tools have been in existence for a long time (Felt 214). But real computer revolution began after World War II. Military apparatus had complex structures that demanded smart data processing. The military embarked on the process of building a computer that would help analyze their complex arithmetic. That was the onset of the most important technological tool of our time. During the war, computers were used to decipher codes of the axis forces. At its inception, the device was build to do humans work i. e. initially there was no vision of creating a processor that would surpass human intelligence (215). However, they ended up with a machine that could process several activities at a time and high speed. Even though computers do huge amount of tasks and calculations at the same time, they do not have the ability to think or analyze. Sometimes they make mistakes that normal persons would never make because they can only process information within a certain predetermined range. Computers’ output is the result of pre-set protocols and rules written in a special logical way to perform specific tasks. So, the computers do not consider the logic of the output. Unlike computers, human brains create logic and perform calculations instead of acknowledging pre-set commands. Although computer processors can be fast and versatile, brains have special capabilities that processors can never achieve e. g. visualizing or predicting the future. For example retrieving a deleted file from a computer would mean going over every action that was performed on the computer during the past few days (Stokes 15). On the contrary, humans can easy remember past actions especially when one specific event is apparent. Although, scientists have made tremendous brains is not easy. Scientists have tried to simulate the learning ability of the brains, spent years researching and spent millions of dollars but have not managed to replicate the brain functioning. A famous computer called Watson was built and its performance enhanced through the use of artificial intelligence (AI), the performance of the computer was deemed excellent to an extent of including it in the T. V show JEOPARDY where it was even able to win (Markoff 17). Artificial Intelligence is designed to work like the human brains in terms of analysis. Scientists who built Watson used A. I. and developed it to meet that goal. The effort that have been put and the money consumed on that project were just to simulate a single function of the brain with all the technology that we have nowadays. Problem Statement Discussions have always ensued about whether the human brains can process information faster than computer processors. Different answers have been provided depending on the approach used. Arguably, computer processor is faster than human brains in retrieving pre-set information; however the human brain is superior when it comes to processing information outside set data. Research Questions Are processors better than the human brains? How does the speed of the fastest processor compare to that of the brains? How does the memory of a computer compare to that of human brains? Hypothesis Human brains are better than computer processors but computer processor beats brains in several events such as information retrieval and consistency during operations. Objectives The objectives of this research are to: Determine whether computer processor can match human brains functionalities To compare speed of information processing by both human brains and computer processor Significance of the Study This research is significant because; It will improve the available literature on the subject It will offer answers to the research objects which will in turn enrich public knowledge on the subject Literature Review The processing speed of a computer processor can be easily established, but the processing speed of the brains can only be estimated. However, a theory that suggests that the processing speed of the brains is equivalent to the volume of the nerves may give us an estimate of the processing speed. A typical example of information processing is image formation by the retina. The retina is estimated to have about 100 million neutrons which send small patches of information about color, light intensity to the brains through optic nerves. Tentatively, the human brains are 100, 000 times the size of the retina and we can estimate the processing speed of the brains of an average person to be about 100 Million Computer Instructions per Second (MIPS) (Andy 1). An average computer has a processor speed of 700 MHZ and 4200 Million Computer Instructions per Second. Through simple calculations it’s possible to establish that human brains have a capacity equivalent to 24, 000 computer processors (1). Analysis and Synthesis Human brains are enormously powerful, but unlike the computer processor that is almost always utilized to its full capacity, the human brains are used only utilized to about 10 percent of its capacity. The 10 percent that is usually in use is dedicated to different functions of the body. Which means the brain utilizes about 1 percent in processing information and thinking logically. Limitations Although computer technology has attracted many researchers, literature on brain functioning is limited. Obtaining accurate data about the brains will not be possible in this research but rather estimates and unverified methods will be used.

Marketing Environment in India Essay Example

Marketing Environment in India Essay The  market environment  is a  marketing  term and refers to all of the forces outside of marketing that affect marketing management’s ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers. The market environment consists of both the macro environment and the micro environment Demographic factors Study of human population in terms of size, density, location, age gender, race, occupation, other stats India’s demographic report findings * Estimated 1. billion people live in India, that makes India 2ND most populous country in the world * 70% of the population lives in rural areas, that trend is slowly changing due to migration to urban area, which is largely due to rapid urbanization * India’s largest urban agglomerate are Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Delhi, Hyderabad amp; Bangalore. * One of the largest middle class in the world, with rising income. * Has one of the largest amp; youngest populations in the world with very high aspiratio n Example of How have companies responded to the changing environment? Young group attracted competitors in the area of motor bikes, readymade garments, mobile phones ,soft drinks(coke,pepsi,gatorrade,red bull), fast food chains (mc Donald, kfc,dominos) * 50% population is woman and their traditional roles have also changed, most women are self-confident and also educated and empowered. This shift has resulted in a whole range of new products like ready to cook, ready mixes, cooking range, washing machine, vacuum cleaner. * More egalitarian relationship between husband amp; wife amp; also a move toward more shared decision making pattern between parents amp; children. Despite these changes the fact remains that most people continue to give more priority to the families amp; families continue to maintain strong kinship, bonds amp; ties. Examples of ads like washing machine, Mdh masala, kurkure ads giving total picture of family amp; love Political amp; legal environment It consists of Government Regulations, policies, social groups etc Any kind of business must be abided by the legal policies of the nation. The Law is for the purpose of protecting customers from exploitation by the business man, to protect interest of society and also to protect companies from unfair competition. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Environment in India specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Environment in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Environment in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Examples of laws in India * Consumer Protection Act, Environment protection Act Indian Contract Act, Competition Law etc. Apart from this every citizen is required to be abided by the Indian Constitution. * In food companies need approval to launch brands that already exist in the market such as another cold drink or a brand of rice * It is mandatory that all vegetarian food products carry green dot amp; all non vegetarian food products carry red dot * All products must have the MRP printed on the pack In India government making the rule that all public transport like the buses amp; auto rickshaw use CNG as fuel instead of diesel amp; petrol Natural environment The natural environment involves natural resources that are needed as inputs by marketers or that are affected by marketing activities. During the past two decades environmental concerns have steadily grown. Some trend analysts labeled the specific areas of concern were: Nature is the source of raw material for the production a product. The raw material may be renewable, infinite or depleting. In all the cases the raw material shall be preserved and wastage must be minimized. Also the pollution should be minimized to preserve the ecology. Marketers in the current scenario try to Go Green and promote the Eco friendly Concept. For Instance Idea promoted Save Paper, and many companies are promoting Go Green campaign. Examples of how natural environment factors influenced marketing decision * campaign against coke in a village in Kerala alleging water shortage amp; environment deterioration in the vicinity environmentalist actively campaigning against the pollution * steel companies have to spend a huge amount of money on pollution control equipment * soap industry have to increase its biodegradability in India the Delhi state government introducing the rule that all public transport like buses amp; auto rickshaw must use CNG instead of diesel amp; petrol * pollution under control certification is a must SOCIO-CULTURAL Culture is set of beliefs and customs pertinent in a society. A marketing campaign must be in tandem with the beliefs. The market should adjus t the decisions with respect to the cultural and social; beliefs. Example of how socio cultural aspects have influenced marketer’s decision making Changing family system in India from large joint family to nuclear family have lead to increasing demands for flats, vehicles and consumer goods * Customs have also influenced marketing strategy, for instance business firms do brisk business during festival like diwali, id, Christmas etc * Pepsi identified the popularity of nimbu pani in rural amp; urban India so they launched nimbus based on the traditional flavor of nimbu pani * In India marriage is a family affair a huge opportunity for business * Because india has many language advertising campaigns have to be launched in national amp; local language * Shift from kirayani ka dukkan to swanky malls like Big bazaar, pantaloons, shopper stop * From scooter to car, large number of Indians interested in buying a car lead to tata company launching the TATA NANO CAR * People becoming more health conscious shift from soft drinks like pepsi amp; coke to Tropicana amp; Real juice. Also the growing fitness amp; health care industry * New trend of finding marriage partners online has lead to the growth of companies like Bharat matrimonial, manorama matrimonial, shaadi. com and others * In many cases firms are able to dilute the cultural beliefs by exposing them to a new culture. This can be validated by the fact that Archieâ⠂¬â„¢s has made its market in India by promoting different occasions like Valentine’s Day, Fathers Day and friendship day. Technological environment Marketers should take account of the accelerating pace of technological change, opportunities for innovation, varying Ramp;D budgets, and the increased governmental regulation brought about by technological change. There are unlimited opportunities for Innovation and every competitor tries to exploit the new usage of the product Examples of how technology has influenced the marketing macro environment * Especially in the retail industry like the large mall the technology has helped retailers to measure the products with modern weighing machines. Earlier, they have used balances which could not measure the merchandise correctly. * Every new technology is a force for â€Å"creative-destruction†. Transistors wiped out the vacuum tube industry; xerography hurt the carbon-paper business; autos hurt the railroads, television hurt the newspapers. Today a large number of people have started to use the internet so advertising as a means of communication is shifting to the internet, com panies like Amazon, eBay and Google exploited this opportunity to make huge money * Data storage is becoming more cheaper, earlier pen drives having even 1 gb capacity were expensive, now 1 gb is become almost non existent. This means that information can be carried along with you and that too lots of them * More and more people have mobile phones amp; most of them have camera that is also a tool of content production * Travel time amp; trade time have become more shorter this means that commodities amp; people can move extremely fast from one place to another * Sites like facebook, twitter, orkut and other blog have tremendously increased human interaction. Every 5 seconds a consumer is posting information about a particular product on the web * Greater emphasis on Ramp;D – Ranbaxy , Zydus, Cadilla , Dr. Reddy’s , Cipla(7-8%of sales)   * Technology has made marketing more innovative amp; also competitive because information can be passed to the consumers faster than ever before Economic environment Consist of factors that affect consumer buying power amp; spending patterns As we know demand is defined as Desire for a product backed by willingness and ability to pay. Thus it is not only the people but also their ability to buy a product is vital for a marketer. Ability to pay can be measured in terms of Income distribution, economic condition of the nation, Credit availability. In the economic arena, marketers need to focus on income distribution and levels of savings, debt, and credit availability Income distribution: NCAER (National Council of Applied Economic Research) has classified Indians as under * Destitute: Household income below Rs. 16000 p. a. (Not active participants in market exchange for a wide variety of goods) * Aspirants: Rs. 16000-22000 p. a. (New entrants into the consumption systems due to Increase in their real income) * Climbers: Rs. 22,000-45,000 p. a. (Have desire and willingness to buy, but have limited Cash in hand). * Consuming Class: Rs. 45,000-Rs. 215,000 (Households forming majority of consumers; have money and are willing to spend) * The Rich : (Those who have money and own a wide variety of products). * The first three income categories show significant growth from 1995-96. The households classified as rich grew by 95% from 95-96 to 06-07, consuming class grew by 132% and climbers by 51%. * Aspirants and destitute decreased by 54% and 50% respectively By income level, the rich grew by 400% in urban areas, and 200% in rural areas, Climbers by 145% in urban areas and 119% in rural areas. There will be a sharper reduction in the number of Aspirants and Destitutes. The trend suggests that the urban areas are likely to witness a relatively higher growth of â€Å"people with money†, who actively participate in market exchange. Indian marketing environment few more examples How some industry leaders lost their competitive advantage? Because they failed to perceive the environmental changes. The decade of 1980 saw many industrial titans losing their competitive advantage to relatively new entrants * Hindustan Motors and Premier Automobiles lost their pre-eminent position in the Indian market to Maruti Udyog’s Maruti800 * Mahindra and Mahindra were shaken up by Maruti Udyog’s Gypsy * Titan watches heralded a new era of watches and shook the giant HMT * Hindustan Levers Surf was cornered by Nirma. * Television giants like NELCO, Crown, Weston, Salora, Bush etc. lost out to absolutely new firms and brands like Onida and Videocon. * Videocon launched its washing machine in1998 and suddenly thereafter, one saw an explosion in the market with about half-a- dozen brands.

Feminist Consciousness in Cat in the Rain Research Paper Example

Feminist Consciousness in Cat in the Rain Research Paper Example Feminist Consciousness in Cat in the Rain Paper Feminist Consciousness in Cat in the Rain Paper Essay Topic: Literature Cat in the Rain is one of Hemingway’s most famous short stories, depicting an American couple spends their holiday in an Italian hotel. The American wife in the story sees a cat crouched under a table in the rain and wants to bring it to her room. When she goes to search for the cat, however, it is gone. So she returns to the hotel room and has a conversation with her husband about finding out the cat and then about changing her whole life. Her husband, however, seems to be terribly annoyed by her and not interested at all. Eventually, the cat is delivered to her room by a maid at the request of the hotelkeeper. These images altogether make it easy to consider the story as an episode of marriage crisis. However, I want to argue that Hemingway conveyed in the story has much to do with the feminist consciousness. We can feel depression and isolation of the American wife from the very beginning of the story. She is in a hotel of a foreign country where they are the only Americans, having to speak an unfamiliar language, with nobody else known but her husband who turns out to be indifferent to her. Her depression mainly comes from him who neglects her needs and feelings. Thus, she is eager to be rescued and to get rid of this depressing situation. At that time, she finds a cat in the rain and wants to help the cat out of the severe environment. The cat is a significant clue that runs through this story. According to Wikipedia, â€Å"‘Though Hemingway learned as a professional reporter how to report facts as they were, he felt that there was a limit to representing reality’ (Kikuchi, 149). This is what he conveys through Cat in the Rain. The idea that there is‘something below the surface’ to this story is particularly evident in relation to the cat. † In western culture, cat has close relationship of metaphor with women. â€Å"Cat† in English is refers to â€Å"evil-minded women,† so the cat in this novel can be seen as the American wife. Their similarity is being lonely, adrift, insecurity and they also can’t control their own destiny. The cat in the rain is just like the women live in the shadow of male-dominated society. The American wife in this novel is very gentle, but her husband’s cold attitude makes her need something to accompany her, at that time, the cat in the rain attracts her attention, she considers the single, helpless cat as herself. : The cat’s bitter experience and unfortunate date certainly resonated with the American wife’s destiny, so she wants to protect the cat, which indicates that the woman herself want to be protected. And the cat lies under the chair to shelter from the rain means the American wife has the consciousness to escape the bondage from traditional social position of women. Besides, the mirror plays an important role in the American wife’s self-realization, because it reflects her exactly, bringing an inner self to her observation and consideration. After she studies over herself in the mirror, she learns what she craves for. â€Å"And I want to eat at a table with my own silver and I want candles. And I want it to be spring and I want to brush my hair out in front of a mirror and I want a kitty and I want some new clothes†¦. Anyway, I want a cat†¦ I want a cat. I want a cat now. If I can’t have long hair or any fun, I can have a cat† (Hemingway, 175). However, her indifferent husband just replies â€Å"Oh, shut up and get something to read† (Hemingway, 175). The American wife wants to change her situation, appearance, hair-style, and the relationship with her husband. This also shows her feminist consciousness appeared. Hemingway is famous for his â€Å"Hemingway code hero† (Jiang, 132). It is also widely known that there is totally no female figure in The Old Man and the Sea. In this short story, where does Hemingway’s feminist consciousness come from? On the one hand, the main cause is the impact of his family. When Hemingway was a child, his mother dressed him up as his older sisters, this made him feel very depressed to the gender nonconforming, but this experience also made him can understand the lack of the right among the women. After his 4th marriage, he still hoped to have a daughter, but in the end this wish was not achieved. This shows he is not a misogynist; on the other hand, Hemingway lives in the age that the females’ arousals of feminism consciousness. The feminist movement occurred at the end of 19th century, especially after the World War One, the females debated with the patriarchal society turns on the issues of social position, economic independence, and political rights. And after their great attempt in a long term, they had got the right to vote in political, and they also had the chance to have their own job, they had short hair, wore short skirt, attend the sport competition. From his personal experience and contemporary tendency, Hemingway is an author who cares about the feminist consciousness as well. In Cat in the Rain, Hemingway uses the image â€Å"cat† and the relationship between the â€Å"cat† and the American wife to show us the feminist consciousness.

A Man In The Middle Attack Computer Science Essay

A Man In The Middle Attack Computer Science Essay Today computer networks are used to transmit large amounts of data which may or may not contain sensitive information. Within this document I will be discussing ways in which your networks may become venerable to attacks. Man in the middle attacks, spanning tree attacks, security issues related to trunking, and security issues relating to identity spoofing. What is a Man in the middle attack? Man in the middle attack is a name given to a type of attack where the person intercepts communication being sent across a data network. This type of attack is also known as a Bucket-brigade attack, Fire brigade attack, Monkey-in-the-middle attack, Session hijacking, TCP hijacking, TCP session hijacking etc. Man in the middle attack is an attack that is usually performed on a internal network. Man in the middle attacks are where hackers introduce a rouge device onto the network then intercept communication between two network devices. This is done by sending out a series of ARP requests and ARP responses to two devices making them think that they are talking to each other. An example of a man in the middle attack would consist of two hosts, host one and host two. The hacker would connect a rouge device, host three, most likely on the same switch that both host one and two are connected to. Once that he is able to communicate on the network he would then send out ARP requests and responses to both host one and two making them believe that he is the other host. This will make host one and two re-route there connection through host three. once host one and host two are communicating between each other via the new connection established by host three, the hacker will now be able to capture packets sent between them. Once an attacker has performed a man in the middle attack, they can use this in a number of ways for example Public Key Exchanging, Command Injection, Malicious Code Injection, Downgrade Attacks etc. There are many tools available that network managers will use in order to monitor their networks. These tools can also be used from a hackers point of view as they allow the hacker to capture packets that are being sent across the network. This essentially allows the hacker to see what you are doing. The following tools are commonly used for capturing and analysing network traffic by an attacker WiresharkÂÂ ® is a network protocol analyzer. It lets you capture and interactively browse the traffic running on a computer network. It has a rich and powerful feature set and is world’s most popular tool of its kind. It runs on most computing platforms including Windows, OS X, Linux, and UNIX. Network professionals, security experts, developers, and educators around the world use it regularly. It is freely available as open source, and is released under the GNU General Public License version 2. http://wireshark.com Ettercap is a comprehensive suite for man in the middle attacks. It features sniffing of live connections, content filtering on the fly and many other interesting tricks. It supports active and passive dissection of many protocols and includes many features for network and host analysis.

Attitudes,values and job satisfaction Research Paper

Attitudes,values and job satisfaction - Research Paper Example This becomes a problem when the recruited personnel are unable to deliver on their mandate or bring the organization (Robins & Judge, 2013). Financial accounting, reporting and advising are perhaps the areas plagued the most by the problem of dishonesty. Accountants fabricate financial statements in bid to either cover up for the company money they have used on personal spending, or for money they want to rob the organization. On the other hand, audit firms are bought into covering up a company’s dishonest or fraudulent financial deals hence reporting inaccurate information to regulatory agencies and authorities such as Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Some financial advisers collude with organizations in influencing potential clients to join their investment deals even when they would have objectively advised against them. Dishonest financial accounting, reporting and advising can affect negatively on organizational attitudes (Wilson, 2004). Dishonesty has adverse effects on job satisfaction. Rationalization makes dishonest employees justify their dishonest conduct on a cost-benefit analysis. The rewards that come with dishonesty are short-lived and they haunt when the person enjoying realizes that these rewards would have gone into helping other deserving people. Additionally, dishonesty affects job satisfaction when a person in the workplace, especially one in a senior position, unfairly denies an employee some benefits and gives them to another person. This is what happens when promotion opportunities are given to people undeservedly and unequally. Employees are dissatisfied with their work when dishonest conduct brings strife and wrangles amongst them (Robins & Judge, 2013). An issue that contributes to the propagation of dishonesty in the workplace is the lack of elaborate oversight measures. When incumbents are not assessed for dishonesty, it leaves a leeway for them to flout an organization’s culture and values.

McClellands Theory of Needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

McClellands Theory of Needs - Essay Example Furthermore the essay also includes the way in which this theory has impacted me in the process of motivating others in the workplace. It is already mentioned earlier that according to McClelland there are three different classes of needs – need for achievement, need for power and need for affiliation. Need for achievement is referred to the internal drive to excel. Such need is responsible for creating a tendency for setting moderately difficult goals which involve moderate risks. Furthermore this need results in a preference regarding situations where personal responsibility is associated with outcomes. Need for power, on the other side, is the need of making others behave in the way in which the person wants. This type of need generates a desire of influencing others and a tendency of advocating riskier positions. The last need is the need for affiliation that is referred to the desire for close and friendly relationships with the co-workers (Robbins & Judge, 2007). Such need is mainly responsible for making people like others. McClelland and all his associates who are involved in the research behind the development of such a crucial theory mainly focused on the first type of need – need for achievement. McClelland’s ‘needs theory’ is one of the most important motivating theories because it is one of those rare theories that are properly supported by extensive research. Furthermore the theory involves three of the most important aspects that are integrally related to the motivation of an individual in a particular organization. According to Charleston C. K. Wang, â€Å"McClelland was careful to note that there is not a one-to-one correspondence between a person’s needs and behavior† (Wang, 1993). It is also found that McClelland used to believe that most of the effective managers have high need for power and low need for affiliation.