10 Fascinating Facts About Termites

Termites have been munching away on wood for millions of years. From the African termites that build mounds taller than men to the subterranean species that destroy homes, these social insects are fascinating creatures to study. Learn more about these decomposers. 1. Termites Are Good for Soil Termites are actually important decomposers. They break down tough plant fibers, recycling dead and decaying trees into new soil. These hungry insects are vital to the health of our forests. As they tunnel, termites also aerate and improve the soil. It just so happens that we build our homes from termite food — wood. 2. Termites Digest Cellulose With the Help of Microorganisms in Their Guts Termites feed on plants directly or on fungus growing on decaying plant material. In either case, they must be able to digest tough plant fibers, or cellulose. The termite gut is loaded with microorganisms capable of breaking down cellulose. This symbiosis benefits both the termites and the microorganisms living within their insect hosts. The termites house the bacteria and protozoa and harvest the wood. In return, the microorganisms digest the cellulose for the termites. 3. Termites Feed on Each Others Feces Termites arent born with all that bacteria in their gut. Before they can start the hard work of eating trees, termites must obtain a supply of microorganisms for their digestive tracts. They engage in a practice known as trophallaxis, or, in less scientific terms, they eat each others poop. Termites must also resupply themselves after they molt, so trophallaxis is a big part of life in the termite mound. 4. Termites Lived 130 Million Years Ago and Have Cockroach-Like Ancestors Termites, cockroaches, and mantids all share a common ancestor in an insect that crawled the Earth about 300 million years ago. Fossil records show the earliest termite specimen dates back to the Cretaceous period. A termite also holds the record for the oldest example of mutualism between organisms. A 100-million-year old termite with a ruptured abdomen was encased in amber, along with the protozoans that lived in its gut. 5. Termite Fathers Help Raise Their Young You wont find deadbeat dads in the termite mound. Unlike in bee colonies, where males die soon after mating, the termite kings stick around. After their nuptial flight, the termite king stays with his queen, fertilizing her eggs as needed. He also shares parental duties with the queen, helping her feed their young predigested food. 6. Termite Workers and Soldiers Are Almost Always Blind In almost all termite species, both the workers and soldiers in a given colony are blind. Since these industrious individuals spend their lives in the confines of the dark, damp nest, they have no need to develop functional eyes. Reproductive termites are the only termites that require eyesight since they must fly to find mates and new nest sites. 7. Termite Soldiers Sound the Alarm Termite soldiers form the worlds tiniest heavy metal mosh pit when danger comes to the nest. To sound the alarm, soldiers bang their heads against the gallery walls to send warning vibrations throughout the colony. 8. Chemical Cues Guide Most Communication in the Termite Colony Termites use pheromones — special chemical scents—to talk to one another and control each others behavior. Termites leave scent trails to guide other workers using special glands on their chests. Each colony produces a distinct scent, identified by a chemical on their cuticles. In some species, the queen can even control the growth and role of her young by feeding them her pheromone-laden poop. 9. New Kings and Queens Can Fly New reproductive termites are winged so they can fly. These young kings and queens, called alates, leave their home colony and fly out in search of a mate, often in large swarms. Each royal pair of king and queen emerges from the swarm together and finds a new place to start a new colony. They break their wings off and settle down in their new home to raise their offspring. 10. Termites Are Well-Groomed You wouldnt think an insect that spends its time in the dirt would be so fastidious about its grooming, but termites make an effort to stay clean. Termites spend a great deal of time grooming each other. Their good hygiene is important to their survival, as it keeps parasites and harmful bacteria under control within the colony.

International Policies And Laws For The Effective Working

Every government has its own saying on how its economy needs to be run. Thus these political powers cannot be forced to take measures in favor of climate change so there is a need to make national and international policies and laws for the effective working on targets irrespective of will, to bring about emergency measures. Goal 13 ensures proper disbursement of resources through proper funding from various sources not only channeling the funds in the right path but also spreading the word to other countries about the need to take part in this sincere effort through awareness by education. This investment is measurable by the fact that funds collected from various sources can be calculated and tallied. Transparency into implementation will be particularly important since different countries have different production patterns and consumptions (data taken from surveys) thus strategies obtained from promotion of climate change planning will ensure proper disposal of funds and thus prog ress of targets can be monitored keeping in view the rapid urbanization and providing policy recommendations on the investment. Teaching young children about the growing need for the adaptive measures will surely bring future leaders who would give significance to such environmental issues. ARE THE TARGETS CURRENTLY MEASURED? Previously, efforts have been made into taking measures into preventing climate degradation caused by deforestation. 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Narrative of Frederick Douglass Free Essays

The Autobiography of Frederick Douglass, titled â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†, utilizes five key literary devices in order to better convey Douglass’s journey from enslavement to freedom. This includes the use of Imagery, diction, first person point of view, specific details, and allusion. Each of these is used to help convey the experiences of slavery, as well as the joys and fears of being a freed slave. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative of Frederick Douglass or any similar topic only for you Order Now The use of Imagery throughout the narrative engrosses the reader and provides him with a better sense of the ideas and experiences of Douglass. An example of these is when Douglass looked out onto the Chesapeake bay, at which point he saw several ships with white sails. These struck him profoundly, acting as a beacon of light in the midst of his dark circumstances. These white sails seemed to be an idea of hope and freedom, the thought that one day he too could be like the ships, with nothing but the wind to guide him. Another example of Imagery is when Douglass first receives Sandy’s â€Å"Magical† root. This was supposed to protect Douglass from further beatings by his slave masters, an idea that he easily discarded. In doing this, Douglass shows his difference from the other uneducated slaves, with the root making a distinction between how the educated and uneducated believe things occur. Still, Douglass did keep the root as a sort of last resort, an action that seems to show just how desperate Douglass was to ward off his abuse. The use of Diction throughout the story helps the reader to get a better sense of the mindset of Douglass. One example of this is when Douglass was sent to work with Mr. William Gardner. Here, he described his change in ownership as being â€Å"Hired† out, almost as if he were an employee of his master, instead of being lent or borrowed. Douglass didn’t see this as abnormal, someone telling him who to work for without any regard for his own preference. Another example of word choice is when he describes is mistress as being a â€Å"Kind and Tender-hearted woman†, a description that leads the reader to imagine almost a mother, someone who cared for others. He could have simply called her a â€Å"just† or â€Å"fair† woman, but instead he described her as motherly. Finally, when Douglass was describing his life constantly moving from owner to owner, he spoke on the fact that he truly did not have a home. In Douglass’s case, â€Å"The ties that ordinarily bind their children to their homes were all suspended. † He truly did not have a place to call home, but this was almost a sort of freedom for him. He described the sense of home as â€Å"binding†, instead of â€Å"welcoming†. In doing so, he truly shows that he did not understand the idea of belonging to a home or group, but instead being a nomad. It does not feel as though a home â€Å"binds† a child to it, but instead its a safe haven, somewhere that you can feel safe. By recounting the story in a first-person point of view, Douglass better conveys his story to the reader. In telling the story in such a way, Douglass appeals to the emotions of his reader, even their humanity, in an effort to show them just how abusive the situation of a slave holder is. He does so in order to show both the effects of abuse on the slave and the owner himself. A story told in the third person can be percieved as detached, something that does not truly exist. But, by telling it from the perspective of one who actually endured the abuses, Douglass was able to make the story more credible and even make the reader think that such circumstances could happen to themselves. In telling the story in the first person, Douglass achieves his goal of appealing to the audience’s humanity. No longer could they simply remain ignorant to the plight of a slave living in the south, but instead they now had to actually acknowledge the fact that they knew what was happening, and either act on this knowledge, or ignore it. The constant use of specific details in the autobiography gives the tale credibility and engrosses the reader. An early, but important, example of a specific detail occurs in chapter 7. Here, Douglass is detailing his dire situation. He wishes to expand his intelligence, but then is unable to begin doing so because of his status as a slave. When Captain Anthony died, Douglass’s hatred of slavery was even more apparent, when he was â€Å"to be valued with the other property† as though he were an item, not a person. In doing this, Frederick was perceived by his owner’s heirs to be nothing more than a piece of property to be decided upon, not a person with hopes and dreams. Later in the tale, Douglass describes Mr. Hopkins, who’s â€Å"Chief boast was his ability to manage slaves. † Hopkins was a cruel man, the poster child of slave handlers, and would enjoy beating and abusing his slaves. In describing his living conditions in prison, he described it as â€Å"Much more comfortable†¦ than we expected†¦ Did not get much to eat, nor which was very good, but we had a clean room. † In doing this, Douglass provides the reader with an idea of just how bad their lives were as slaves, when even a prison cell seemed to be a comfortable and clean set of living conditions. Finally, Douglass refrained from using any real in-depth details when recounting his actual escape from slavery to freedom. He did this because he did not want slave owners to be able to use any of his methods against slaves themselves, which would endanger both abolitionists and slaves alike. Finally, the use of Allusion throughout the tale helps to show the great conflict of being free but a fugitive. Douglass compared his decision to that of Patrick Henry in deciding whether or pursue his own freedom or to remain a slave. Henry’s decision for â€Å"Liberty or Death† was an easy one, Douglass claims, as it was certain liberty or death. In Douglass’s case, however, the liberty was extremely uncertain, with even after him having escaped the possibility of being returned as a fugitive slave remained. Douglass also compares himself to an â€Å"Unarmed Mariner [rescued]†¦ From the pursuit of a Pirate† when describing his joy at obtaining freedom from slavery. Douglass also recalled the words of Thomas Jefferson, who despite being a slave owner, wrote that its practice was a â€Å"War against human nature itself. † Finally, Douglass alludes to the story of Daniel in the bible, who had been thrown into a lion’s den but escaped unharmed through the help of God. This situation seems similar to the one Douglass found himself in, with his extraordinary luck allowing him to survive something that most men did not. Frederick Douglass used five literary devices in his narrative in order to better convey his story to the audience. His use of Imagery, Diction, First Person, specific details, and allusion causes the story to be not only more realistic, but also more believable, by the audience. In doing so, he was better able to achieve his goal of conveying his story of slavery and freedom. How to cite Narrative of Frederick Douglass, Essays

Ethical Dilemmas in an Organization Free Sample

Question: What is Ethical dilemmas in an organization ? Answer: Introduction: Ethical dilemma is a complex situation at workplace that the employees and the managers have to face that result in a conflict of moral imperatives. Ethical dilemma is also known as moral dilemma where the person faces two choices and neither of which resolves the situation in a morally suitable fashion. Ethical dilemma assumes that people will abide by communal norms such as codes of rule or religious tradition to make the choice morally not possible. The main aim of the essay is to describe a work situation at past or present employment that posed an ethical dilemma and how the employee resolved to that ethical dilemma. The essay also discusses the ethical theories to assess whether the resolution was ethical or not. Managing ethics in businesses has become as essential part of the organization. Ethics are the behavior or the morals that an individual in a work place posses the way they present in workplace. Ethical dilemma is the paradox of choosing one option over the other as bo th the options available transgress each other. There are many ways in which a person at a work place can behave unethically. Unethical behavior means that the employees in an organization lacks moral principles and are unwilling to comply with the standards and codes of conduct set by an organization. For example sexually harassing female employees in an organization is an unethical behavior in the work place (Andrews, 2014). The essay discusses the ethical dilemmas that the employees in an organization often face and what methods do they apply to resolve the ethical dilemma. Many ethical theories have been used by the author to explain the situation of ethical dilemma at workplace. Since the major part of the time is spent at office people are likely to face ethical dilemma at workplace. But with some common understanding and strategies ethical dilemma can be resolved. Some common examples of ethical dilemma at work place are conducting personal business on company time, taking cr edit for others works and harassing behavior at the organization (Banks, 2012). Body: Ethical dilemma is the situation that arises because of the differences of the opinions of the employees at a workplace. Ethical dilemma can arise between two workers or can arise within a single person as well. Since different individual at a work place come from different background and culture ethical dilemma is bound to arise at a workplace because the thoughts of no two individual is same. Ethical dilemma can arise between a mangers and an employee as well in an organization. Some common ethical dilemmas at a workplace are discrimination between male and female participants at a workplace. Unethical behaviors are moving the female candidate to a higher position of authority just because she is facing harassment in a particular department (DesJardins McCall, 2014). The main ethical issues that employees at a workplace face is making long phone calls at companies cost, using the organizations assets for its own personal use, wasting time of the organization, corruption and bribery, taking leaves beyond what is permitted hampering the production of the company. Breaching the rules and laws of the organization and involving in action that is not in accordance with legal laws are also the unethical behavior that an organization faces. An employee involved in working in different companies and outsourcing the organizations data is also an unethical behavior that is not acceptable by the society or the organization. Even the employers of the organization face ethical dilemma at workplace. Favoritism is the common ethical dilemma that the managers in an organization face. The unethical behavior is favoring one candidate over the other in a work place and giving all the benefits to that person even though some other person is there that deserves to be rewarded. Another common ethical issue of employers is sexually harassing employees in an organization. Employers often terminate employees without any prior notice. This is also one of the unethical behaviors of employees at workplace. Employers also indulge in delaying the salary and payment of provident fund. This is also an example of breach of professional ethics at workplace (Durkheim, 2013). Ethical theories is the systematic theories explain the ethical dilemmas at work place that involves systematizing, protecting and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. The ethical theories are divided into three general categories as metaethics, normative ethics, applied ethics and deontology (Melden, 2013). Kantian ethics theory has been presented by a German philosopher Immanuel Kant. It is an example of deontological moral theory where the right or the wrong behavior at the organization does not depend on the results of or consequences but depends on the whether they fulfill the duty of the organization or not. Kantian business ethics theory involves categorical imperative that is the action that is capable of serving the basis of all universal law. It is the unconditional law that is applicable to all rational human beings and is independent of any personal motivation or aspiration. Kantian theory is a rule based theory that is universally accepted by everyone. It i s a duty oriented theories of ethics. The theory is used to determine whether one action by a person in a workplace is ethical or not in nature and it is solely based on the laws and regulations accepted universally. According to Kantian theory it is morally wrong to commit suicide because person is taking his life to further increase the hardship and misery. Kantian ethics is applicable to businesses and consumers, employers and employees and the global environment as whole. In case of employers and employees there exists one common code of conduct that must not be broken. The profit should not be maximized by utilizing the employees but it should be maximized keeping in mind the stakeholders of the organization. It is essential for people to adhere to the rules while fulfilling the duties (Louden, 2014). Utilitarianism theory explains that the best moral ethics or the actions are the one that maximizes the utility. The theory is based on the motive of the agent. It is an example of normative theory. There are many ways to measure utility but the best way to define utility is satisfying the well being of the sentiment of the entities. Utility is the pleasure that the human being derives after deducting the suffering from the actions considered. The theory is not only based on quantity aspect but also quality. Only that moral conduct or behavior is accepted in workplace that maximizes the utility of all the individuals or satisfies the needs of everyone in the society (Broad, 2014). The theory was developed by John Stuart Mill and was put forwarded by Jeremy Bentham. An act will be morally acceptable and will be considered ethical if it maximizes the happiness of people. An action is said to be right of it complies with the rules and the rightness or wrongness of any particular deed is said to depend on the universal rule. An action is said to be morally acceptable and regarded as ethical when the consequences or the results lead to happiness. Professional happiness will be achieved if the work allocated is done properly. Utilitarianism is a theory that helps to differentiate on what is wrong and what are right as so the things that are acceptable and considered ethical. Ethical behavior is the one that spreads positivity in a workplace. There are two types of utilitarian ethics practiced ion the job- rule utilitarianism and act utilitarianism. It means using the fairest method at the workplace to maximize the productivity and utility of the organization. Example of utilitarianism theory at workplace is the government allowing the release of a particular type of drugs that comes with known side effects but at the same time benefits the larger number of society by curing the diseases. In this situation the concept of ethical dilemma arises that whether the governm ent should allow the release of these medicines. According to utilitarian ethics the government will release the medicine as it benefits the larger section of the society. The main problem with the utilitarian theory is that it is difficult to achieve in workplace or business because in businesses people first think of themselves and then others. So the picture of whole society in the workplace is not included (Barrow, 2015). In the rights ethical theories the rights or the laws are given the maximum emphasis. It is set at the highest priority and is also protected. The casuist ethical dilemma is the theory that helps in comparing the present ethical dilemma that the organization faces with the similar examples of ethical dilemmas and its outcome. The virtual ethical theory is the one that judges a person on the basis of its characteristic and not on the basis of the actions that it presents. Various ethical theories and principles help the organization in decision making and differentiate various ethical behaviors and issues with a non ethical one. The behavior that is acceptable by the society is ethical. One weakness of the ethical theory is that the characteristics of individual are not taken into consideration and the decision is solely based on the actions or the act they perform (Wiltermuth Flynn, 2013). The first ethical dilemma faced was that of tax evasion in an accounting firm. The author was appointed as the one of the three partners in an accounting firm. The firm was working for a small and fast growing industry looking into its audit and financial statement. The terms with the directors if the company was very good and the accountant had all the idea of the operations of the firm. The accountant came to know that the goods purchased by the staff of the company were processed outside the accounting system to avoid taxes and use the funds for the coming Christmas party. Now the main dilemma is that whether the accountant should include the purchases of staff in the accounting system or not. Tax evasion is not considered as ethical behavior because its goes against the rue of conduct and it also harms the economy. The dilemma is that will the action of the accountant will hamper the relationship with the directors (Shapiro Gross, 2013). The accounting firm has solved this dilem ma by adopting proper steps to resolve it. The firm analyzed the key principles of the dilemma and divided it into the principles of integrity, objectivity, professional competence and professional behavior. The professional behavior will be to present the financial statement that is in accordance with the technical and professional standards. The maim aim of the firm is to protect its reputation. The dilemma is that whether including the staff purchase in financial statement will maintain the objectivity of the firm or will be cheating on the government. The ethical dilemma was resolved taking into consideration the facts and the parties being affected from the decision of the firm. The issue was resolved by conveying the proper course of action to the parties that are being affected that is to the directors of the company. The firm chose to include the staffs purchase in its accounting system as tax evasion is unethical behavior. Along with including it in the financial system the firm also suggested the alternate ways of raising funds for Christmas party. The dilemma was resolved successfully without hampering the interests of both the parties involved (Jennings, 2014). Another ethical dilemma that arises is in health care unit. The doctor who is strictly against abortion comes across a patient who wants to abort a child because pregnancy will put her life at risk. Now the ethical dilemma in this case is that whether the doctor will follow the rule or law against the abortion or will abort the child to save the patient. While resolving the ethical dilemma the doctor will firstly analyze the situation by preparing a questionnaire that that all will be benefited from the act, and who all will be hurt. The path chosen will prove to be ethical in long run or not. What are the harms and the benefits of the action or value? The doctor gives weight age to both the negative and positive consequences for the action. The decision of the doctor will depend on the consequences of the action. Since the patient is also ready for the abortion the doctor will resolve ethical dilemma by aborting the child. The reason for doing so is saving the life of patient who wa s at risk with pregnancy. If the doctor will follow an instinct that abortion is against the follow then the risk for the patient will increase. Resolving ethical dilemma will abort the child to save the patient (Wiltermuth Flynn, 2013). Another ethical dilemma that can arise at workplace or organization is the case of sexual discrimination and favoritism. The manager of one of the nig multinational company is in ethical dilemma as to whom it should promote to the higher level of position. A post for assistant manager is vacant in an organization. There are two people appropriate for the position. On one side is his daughter who has just done Masters in business administration from one of the top colleges of the world. On the other side is the employee who has been working in the organization for past fifteen years and has had a very good performance result since then his contribution to the organization has been remarkable (Herlihy Corey, 2014).Now the ethical dilemma here arises is who to choose between the two potential candidates for the position of assistant manager in the company. On one side is his family and the other side is experienced professional who have been serving in the company for a long period of time. The dilemma here is that if the director chooses his daughter for the position of assistant manager then it will be injustice for the employee who has been working in the company for so long and expecting to get a power of position. The ethical dilemma has not been solved yet as the manager is still in confusion as to whom it should choose. The best approach that will totally comply with ethics is keeping aside the favoritism at the workplace and avoiding personal relationship at workplace. According to the experts the choosing a fifteen year old experienced employee will prove too beneficial for the company as he will help the organization increasing the productivity. The justice will be to reward the person what he actually deserves (Robbins et al., 2013). There are various factors that put a person in an organization in dilemma. Personal friendship at a workplace is the greatest factor to put a person in an ethical dilemma. Another common ethical dilemma is extracting data from the organization by an ex employer of the company. An ethical dilemma situation arises when the ex employee of an organization extracts the confidential data from the organizations database and use it for its own personal benefit. Using someone elses finding for its benefit is against the ethics and is seriously punishable in law (Shaw, 2016). Another ethical dilemma situation is that when the employee of the organization is using the organizations assets for its own personal benefit. The rule and obligations of the firm is that employees are not allowed to take the companys assets home or cannot use for personal benefit. But since an employee of the firm is taking the companys assets for the office work only then the company will face an ethical dilemma. The rule set by the company should be equal for everyone in the organization. The company is benefiting because the office work is being done at home but the rule does not allow the employee to take the assets of the company home. The dilemma will be resolved if the organization allows the employees to take the companys assets home only when the employee is using the companys assets for the organizations benefits only (Reamer, 2013). Another common ethical dilemma in an organization is producing the goods that benefits the major section of society but harms the fewer ones. For example production of particular type of drugs benefits patience by curing diseases but it also have some known side effects. To some to be beneficial but to some it causes harms. The dilemma here that whether the organization should produce the particular type of good or not. In this case utilitarian approach or ethical theory will be used to resolve the dilemma. The organization will produce the product if it benefits the major section of society. Various ethical dilemmas can be resolved using various theories presented by various authors (Noddings, 2013). Conclusion: Ethical dilemmas are the situation that every employee or an employer has to face once or the other in an organization. The main issue is that how well and how quick the dilemma gets resolved. Resolving ethical dilemma includes many steps and methods. A manger has to consider the facts and then take proper decision based on its finding. There are many ethical theories that can be used to understand the situation of ethical dilemma at workplace. Many authors have been indulged in providing the ethical theories such as Kant, John and many others. Ethical dilemma is also known as moral dilemma that is a vey complex situation. The manager should or the employee should keep all the people in its mind before making any decision on resolving the ethical dilemma. Business dilemma is a situation where a person has to make a complex choice between the two situations. The choices are such that neither of the two scenarios is ethically acceptable. Proper training and information will help in sol ving the ethical dilemma. References: Advertisers' Ethical Dilemmas in Emerging Markets. (2016). INSEAD Knowledge. Retrieved 20 May 2016 Andrews, W. A. (2014). Identifying, Resolving, and Managing Common Ethical Dilemmas in the Workplace: An Experiential Approach.Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning,27. Badaracco Jr, J. (2013).Defining moments: When managers must choose between right and right. Harvard Business Press. Banks, S. (2012).Ethical issues in youth work. Routledge. Barrow, R. (2015).Utilitarianism: A contemporary statement. Routledge. Broad, C. D. (2014).Five types of ethical theory(Vol. 2). Routledge. Chell, E., Spence, L. J., Perrini, F., Harris, J. D. (2014). Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: does social equal ethical?.Journal of Business Ethics, 1-7. Dent, M., Whitehead, S. (Eds.). (2013).Managing professional identities: Knowledge, performativities and the'new'professional(Vol. 19). Routledge. DesJardins, J. R., McCall, J. J. (2014).Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. Durkheim, E. (2013).Professional ethics and civic morals. Routledge. Herlihy, B., Corey, G. (2014).ACA ethical standards casebook. John Wiley Sons. Jennings, M. (2014).Business ethics: Case studies and selected readings. Cengage Learning. Louden, R. B. (2014).Kant's impure ethics: from rational beings to human beings. Oxford University Press, USA. Melden, A. (2013).Ethical theories. Read Books Ltd. Miller, T., Birch, M., Mauthner, M., Jessop, J. (Eds.). (2012).Ethics in qualitative research. Sage. Noddings, N. (2013).Caring: A relational approach to ethics and moral education. Univ of California Press. Reamer, F. G. (2013).Social work values and ethics. Columbia University Press. Robbins, S., Judge, T. A., Millett, B., Boyle, M. (2013).Organisational behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Shapiro, J. P., Gross, S. J. (2013).Ethical educational leadership in turbulent times:(Re) solving moral dilemmas. Routledge. Shapiro, J. P., Stefkovich, J. A. (2016).Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge. Shaw, W. (2016).Business ethics: A textbook with cases. Cengage Learning. Weiss, J. W. (2014).Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Wiltermuth, S. S., Flynn, F. J. (2013). Power, moral clarity, and punishment in the workplace.Academy of Management Journal,56(4), 1002-1023.

Comparison/Contrast Car essay Essays - Transport, Sports Cars

A fairly modern sports car with a sleek design and low black silhouette, the Nissan 350Z is a fast, luxurious and very modifiable car. Its short through of the 6 speed manual transmission makes it hard not to keep your foot pinned to the floorboard as it pushes you back in your fighter-jet designed seats. As you speed around sharp, hair pin, tight turns, the Z hugs the road like a cheetah chasing its prey through the wild. From a few decades earlier, the 1986 Chevy C-10 is an amazing American Muscle classic. Its single cab, low profile design makes it stand out from its modern brothers and is a rare vehicle to be seen driving around on the road today. The beauty of this jaw dropping truck is not just in its physique, but in the low rumble that warns you it has a very respectable 350cc power plant and an emission system that was designed long before governmental performance choking regulations. The look and sound of these two vehicles only allude to the differences in their cost, main tenance and performance. A trip to the gas pump is just one indicator of the cost difference between the 6 cylinder sport car and the 8 cylinder truck. The 350Z?s gas mileage is amazing with 23 mile per gallon in the city and 30 mpg on the highway. Although the 350Z?s gas mileage is amazing, the parts for this higher technology car are a bit pricy if they go bad. If the radiator or coil plugs go out, it would be a few hundred dollars to fix. The insurance on the car is reasonable; if the vehicle were to get totaled in an accident, the Z would be completely covered. Contrary to the camel-like Nissan, the Chevy, whose 4 barrel carburetor sucks fuel at an alarming 10 miles per gallon in the city and 12 mpg on the highway, keeps its owner at the pumps. However, the parts for the Chevy are not nearly as costly as they are for the Nissan. If we were to compare the same parts that we did for the Z, the C-10 parts are a lot cheaper, but could be a little harder to find. On the issue of insurance, if the C-10 were to ever get totaled in a car wreck, the insurance company would pay out only book value and not take into account the restored value, nevertheless, charging the same monthly premium as the Z. There are cost pros and cons associated with the ownership of both of these machines. The 350Z?s low profile design looks great and makes it corner with amazing agility, but when you do have to work on it; you need to be the size of a Chihuahua to get under it. Every square inch of the engine compartment is also filled with parts necessary to its proper operation. To replace or upgrade a part requires a love for reading instruction manuals, an expensive tool collection and lots of time and patience. Although the parts are a lot easier to find for this vehicle, the joy of working on your own vehicle is crushed rather like the person who tries to squeeze under it to change the oil. The newer Nissan is reliable and fortunately doesn?t require frequent work. The Chevy C-10 sits much higher up, so when it comes to maintenance, it is a lot easier to slide under. There is ample room surrounding the engine to remove and replace parts or make modifications. The only downside about maintaining the C-10 is when parts break, it can be like a treasure hunt without a map. Working o n the truck is fun and manuals are much simpler, if needed at all and tools required are easily found; however, older vehicles need more frequent care and repair. The car and the truck demand that maintenance be considered, the only question is whether it is done before or after title is taken. When it comes to performance, the 350Z can compete with automobiles with much larger engines like the Chevy C-10. It is quick, nimble and gives the driver a thrill at the track. After-market parts are available for the 350Z, but the motor

Lab Report Surfactant Essays

Lab Report Surfactant Essays Lab Report Surfactant Paper Lab Report Surfactant Paper Surfactant is produced to make it easier for people to breath by reducing the surface tension of the water molecules that primarily compose the walls of the alveoli; it helps them to not tick together. For this experiment, we will be using milk and food coloring to represent the water (milk) and gas (food coloring) in the respiratory system. Because know milk is non-polar and food coloring is polar, my hypothesis predicts the two will not mix voluntarily at first, but the soap acting as a surfactant, when added, will help the two liquids mix together. Materials (Part on: water surface tension) 1- A penny 2- A dropper 3- Water 4- Paper towels (Part two: surfactant) 1- Milk 2-2 different color food coloring 3- Dishwashing soap 4- Cotton swab 5- A mall clear dish 6- Timer Paper towel 8- Water Method (Part one: water surface tension) 1- Place the penny in a flat area 2- Fill a dropper with water 3- One by one add the drops of water to the top of the penny 4- Measure how many drops fit until the drops break the surface tension of the water. Record results the results table 6- Placed the dish in a flat steady surface. 7- Then poured the milk making sure the whole bottom of the dish is covered. 8- Add four drops of food coloring to the center of the dish. 9- Let it rest for two minutes and then measure how far the coloring expanded. 10- Record in the exult chart 11- Dip the cotton swab in soap 12- Place the end of the cotton swab in the middle of the dish containing the milk and the food coloring. 13- Observe what happens to the food c oloring and record the result in the results chart. 4- Throw away the liquids and leave station clean after recording results. Results The average drops of water that a penny can hold without spilling the water is 24 drops. In my experiment the results were the following: Trial number Number of drops Try one 25 Try two 22 Try three 26 When the coloring was placed in the milk at the beginning, it didnt expand wrought the milk as quickly as when the soap was added. Without the soap Expanded 5 ml/min from the center. With the soap Expanded at CM/ sec from the center. Conclusion My hypothesis is accepted. After I applied the drop of soap to the milk, the food coloring spread around. Why? At first, the food coloring just sat on the surface of the milk. Thats because food coloring is less dense than milk, so it floats on the surface. The milk didnt mix with the food coloring in the beginning because it wasnt stirred together. The soap reduces the surface tension of the ilk by dissolving the fat molecules, which is why whole milk works better. The surface of the milk outside the soap drop has a higher surface tension, so it pulls the surface away from that spot. The food coloring moves with the surface, streaming away from the soap drop. Due to the convection that results from the moving surface, the food coloring may be drawn down into the liquid, only to appear rising again somewhere else. When the soap finally gets evenly mixed into the milk, the action stops.

Concept Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Concept Analysis - Essay Example This essay will discuss how technology might account for the increase in the perceived stress. Stress is considered as a situation where an individual is allocated with responsibilities accompanied by pressure which exceeds the control of the person as Sorenson (2007, p. 10) puts it. Technology is a development that has emerged and keeps advancing rapidly. Technology use was limited to large corporations and the wealthy a few decades ago. In the present day technology has become personalized and is used by the corporations as well as individuals. Technology has been adapted at work, schools and in homes. According to Walz (2012, p. 4) technostress is the name given to adverse effects caused by the use of technology on individuals. One of the major effects is information overload. Students using information system technology experience overload because they acquire a lot of information within a limited time. These causes allot of brain tension together with anxiety. Tarafdar et al (2011, p. 113) add that, the student experience invasion consequences. Technology provides connectivity between people through email, text messages, chats and mobile phones. Students feel the constant need to be connected at all times so that they can be reached any time. Time for study can be easily transformed into a chat or connection which may not be academic. The student is aware of different events happening and can react by commenting and replying. Continuous links on the technology stimulates the experience of private time or space being infringed. The result is stress and annoyance. Technology is complex and requires commitment. Students are obliged to learn how to use applications designed for the information system technology. Besides creating time to learn the new applications, students should make an effort to learn every emerging technology and its application to remain updated. The applications

Human Resource Management regarding Coca Cola Company Essay

Human Resource Management regarding Coca Cola Company - Essay Example The personnel management accentuates the transactional leadership style where the leader is not viewed as a job-oriented individual. In this style of management, focus is directed at set procedures, completion of duties, and punishment for not performing or complying with the rules. Human aspects like consideration, concern, lenience, and personal relationships attract less attention. Human resources management, however, creates transformational leaders. This style of management seeks to promote the sharing of business goals by both management and employees. This management is workforce oriented and shares the objectives of the business with its employees. The second distinction is that in personnel management the job plan is functional. Pay policies are not based on ability and information. The value in this management is based on the duties outlined in the contract only. The human resources management encourages workforce to view the pay as a motivation to improvement of job perfor mance. The job design focuses on teamwork, job rotation and enlargement as an approach created by the human resources manager. Third, the personnel management ensures that personnel strictly follow the contract of employment. This style of management allows no room for modifications or changes in the contract outline. The human resources management employs a flexible approach to the workforce that entails open contract agreements. The employees granted the freedom to choose working systems that suit them. This style ensures that the employees are free hence more input leading to the benefit of the organization (Ster & Koster, 2007, p. 6). This style is referred to as a win-win approach. The nature of relations is also different because in the personnel management the relationship is contractual. In this management one individual hires whereas the other one performs. The human resources management focuses on sharing mission and vision associated with the achievement of the organizat

Negative Effects of Illegal Immigration in the U.S Term Paper

Negative Effects of Illegal Immigration in the U.S - Term Paper Example Legal immigration benefits the U.S. each year; however, it’s illegal counterpart does not. Illegal immigration in the Unites States creates big problems for many businesses. "Three hundred thousand illegal immigrants enter the Unites States each year" (Green 4). Every year many illegal immigrants sneak across the U.S. borders, or forge the right papers. Many businesses in rural areas hire illegal immigrants knowingly for outrageously low prices. This hiring is not only degrading to the appearance of the US, but is unfair to other businesses that hire U.S. citizens. Illegal immigrants create greater competition between businesses, but for the ones that don't hire them it unbalances their earnings. Since illegal immigrants can be hired for much less than minimum wage, companies can maximize their profit by buying products cheaply, and cutting costs in staffing their facilities. The United States government has tried to enforce laws about the employment of illegal aliens, but has given up time and time again. Some employers may have even employed an illegal immigrant without even knowing it. Some immigrants obtain the papers for a citizenship, but instead of getting them signed by officials, they forge them and end up getting away with it. â€Å"Politicians, scholars, and citizens alike pronounce the immigration policy â€Å"broken,† as the number of illegal immigrants has reached an estimated 11 million.† (Papademetriou 2005). The issues of both immigration and naturalization are currently extremely sensitive and important issues facing the United States. The Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1952 clearly asserts that no illegal aliens are allowed into the United States. â€Å"In 2008 alone, 1,305 bills related to illegal immigration were introduced in the United States; 206 laws and resolutions were passed in 41 states.† (National Conference of State Legislatures 2009). Immigration and naturalization laws must be enforced in the U nited States, and without it America would become overpopulated and immigration would be out of control. The INS was organized in 1952 for the sole purpose of controlling immigration in to the United States. There are two ways of becoming a citizen of a country, which are by birth and naturalization. Naturalization is a process by which people become citizens from one country or region to another. Some countries do not allow naturalization or immigration due to over population circumstances. (Levey. 67). Illegal immigrants are breaking the federal law when they do not follow this process. Regardless of their reasons, they need to be held accountable for their actions. On February 7, 2003 the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) released its latest estimate for the size and growth of the illegal alien population in the United States. "The INS estimates that there were five million illegal aliens living in the United States, with the number growing by 275,000 each year."(Kobac h) New numbers are for the long term, illegal population is those who have been in the United States for at least one year. Many people question exactly how many illegal immigrants are really in the country. â€Å"In 2009 the Department of Homeland Security estimated that there were 1.68 million undocumented immigrants living in Texas. (The nation as a whole is said to have 10.8 million, according to the DHS; Texas has the second highest number of

Comparing Hypermarket and Traditional Wet Market Consumers

Comparing Hypermarket and Traditional Wet Market Consumers CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS 4.0 Introduction This study was conducted in two different store formats, which are hypermarket and traditional wet market respectively. Totally 200 questionnaires were distributed and collected, each market has 100 questionnaires respectively. First of all, the general data such as respondents profiles, trip patterns and transaction patterns were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. This approach generates frequency and percentage of the respondents characteristics and presents the basic data and information. Secondly, reliability of the respondents perception on store image will be tested to examine whether if the data reliable or not. The level of reliability, which is so called Cronbachs alpha, the alpha value should not lower than 0.70 to obtain the consistent result. After that, independent t-test will be used to examine the level of significant on store attributes between different store formats. Moreover, we will also test the correlation between store formats and the demographic characteristics, trip patterns and transaction patterns. The differences of mean will be calculated, and 95% of confidence intervals were taken in this study. Significant probability was ≠¤0.05. It means if the result lower or equal to 0.05, it indicates statistically significantly different. 4.1 Descriptive Analysis 4.1.1 Respondents Profile 4.1.1.1 Gender Table 4.1: Gender Figure 4.1: Gender At both different store formats, we can find that there is more female shop at markets than male does. Gender distribution of respondents at hypermarket was much more balanced than gender distribution of respondents at traditional wet market, which are 46% for male and 54% for female at hypermarket, while traditional wet market was 1/3 of respondents are male and 2/3 of respondents are female. 4.1.1.2 Age Table 4.2: Age Figure 4.2: Age The data collection of this study showed that respondents at hypermarket and traditional wet market with the age of 25 years old and below are the highest, which are 35% and 28% respectively, compare with the ages which are between 26-35 years old (34% and 19%), 36-45 years old (16% and 14%), 46-55 years old (12% and 23%), and 56 years old and above (3% and 16%). One phenomenon can be found in this data is the number of respondents of traditional wet market with the age which are between 46-55 years old and 56 years old and above, are much higher than the respondents of hypermarket with the same range of age. The total percentage for this range of age (46-55 years old and 56 years old and above), for traditional wet market is 39%, while for hypermarket is only 15%. We can conclude that the respondents of traditional wet market are older than the respondent of hypermarket. 4.1.1.3 Ethnic Table 4.3: Ethnic RUL 573- RESEARCH PROJECT IN PLANNING CHAPTER 4: Store Image: Comparing Hypermarket and Traditional Wet Market Consumers Perception. Case Study: Bayan Baru, Penang. Figure 4.3: Ethnic In this study, Chinese has the highest number of people (55% from hypermarket, 74% from traditional wet market) following to Malay (33% from hypermarket, 14% from traditional wet market), Indian (9% from hypermarket, 11% from traditional wet market) and the others (3% from hypermarket, 1% from traditional wet market). The biggest different of these store formats is Chinese respondent has higher portion at traditional wet market compare to hypermarket, which are  ¾ of all respondents of traditional wet market compare to  ½ of all respondents of hypermarket. While the figure of Malay showed that Malay tends to shop at hypermarket instead of going to traditional wet market, the number of Malay shops at hypermarket is twice compare to number of Malay shops at traditional wet market. 4.1.1.4 Marital Status Table 4.4: Marital Status RUL 573- RESEARCH PROJECT IN PLANNING CHAPTER 4: Store Image: Comparing Hypermarket and Traditional Wet Market Consumers Perception. Case Study: Bayan Baru, Penang. Figure 4.4: Marital Status 40 RUL 573- RESEARCH PROJECT IN PLANNING CHAPTER 4: Store Image: Comparing Hypermarket and Traditional Wet Market Consumers Perception. Case Study: Bayan Baru, Penang. Base on the data that obtained, the respondents of hypermarket who are married (42%) are fewer than those who are single (58%). While respondents from of traditional wet market have the different situation, the result was totally inversed of hypermarket, that is 58% of the respondents are married, and the others 42% are single. This result indicates respondents of this study who are married tend to shop at traditional wet market and respondents who are single prefer to shop at hypermarket. 4.1.1.5 Education Level Table 4.5: Education Level Figure 4.5: Education Level The respondents from both store formats also have highest number of people (74% of hypermarket and 50% of wet market) who had at least tertiary education, which indicates college or university. This is because of more than 1/3 of respondents from hypermarket and 1/4 of respondents from traditional wet market who are younger generation, which is in the category of 25 years old and below as shown in Chapter 4.1.1.2. The overall result showed that the respondents of traditional wet market have slightly lower education level compare to those respondents of hypermarket. Half of the respondents of traditional wet market have not ever pursued tertiary education, the number is twice compare to those respondents of hypermarket who had only secondary education, primary education, and no formal education. 4.1.1.6 Occupation Table 4.6: Occupation Figure 4.6: Occupation In the previous data showed that the respondents who are younger generation (25 years old and below) and have at least tertiary education level had a large portion of entire respondents. In this section, it showed that most of the respondents of hypermarket are student (39%), following by waged worker (25%), government employee (18%), housewife (8%), entrepreneur (7%), retired (3%). While at traditional wet market, most of the respondents are worked as waged worker (32%), following by housewife (26%), student (23%), retired (7%), government employee (5%), entrepreneur (5%) and unemployed (2%). This data also showed that housewife prefers to shop at traditional wet market (25%) instead of shop at hypermarket (8%). 4.1.1.7 Household Size Table 4.7: Household Size Figure 4.7: Household Size The mode number of household size for respondents of hypermarket and traditional wet market are 4 and 5 respectively. The data showed that 28% and 27% of respondents of hypermarket have household size of 4 and 5. On the other hand, 22% and 28% of respondents of traditional wet market have household size of 4 and 5. These indicate more than half of the respondents who have household size of 4 or 5. From the figure above, we can see that the household size of traditional wet market respondent is slightly bigger than household size of hypermarket respondents. From the calculation, the mean household size of traditional wet market respondents are 4.87, and respondents of hypermarket are 4.63. 4.1.1.8Household Monthly Income Table 4.8: Household Monthly Income Figure 4.8: Household Monthly Income From these 200 respondents, there is no big difference of household monthly income between two different store formats. For respondent of hypermarket, the categories of RM1500 and below, RM2501-3500, and RM3501-4500 also showed 23% respectively, followed by RM1501-2500 (17%), RM4501and above (14%). On the other hand, the mode number of household monthly income for respondents of traditional wet market is RM2501-3500, followed by RM1500 and below (22%), RM1501-2500 (21%), RM4501 and above (20%), RM3501-4500 (13%). Overall there is not a very significant different between the groups and the categories. 4.1.2 Trip Patterns 4.1.2.1 Travelling Time from Home to Markets Table 4.9: Travelling Time Figure 4.9: Travelling Time Majority of the respondents travel from home to the markets were just within 15 minutes and this was showed by 48% respondents of hypermarket and 53% of traditional wet market. This indicates half of the respondents came from adjacent area. While 34% respondents of hypermarket and 28% respondents of traditional wet market have travelling time between 16-30 minutes. Travelling time between 31-60 minutes, 16% and 17% fell to respondents of hypermarket and respondents if traditional wet market respectively. The category of 1 hour and more is only chosen by 2% of respondents of hypermarket and traditional wet market respectively. From the data we can conclude that people prefer to travel from home to market in shorter time. 4.1.2.2 Transportation Mode Table 4.10: Transportation Mode Figure 4.10: Transportation Mode Majority of the respondents prefer going to the markets by car, the data showed that 68% of hypermarket respondents and 45% of traditional wet market respondents go to the markets by car. Another transportation mode that is chosen by respondents is walking (15% of hypermarket respondents and 23% of traditional wet market respondents), as well as motorcycle (8% of hypermarket respondents and 23% traditional wet market respondents). A few people chose bus (5% of hypermarket respondents and 6% of traditional wet market respondents) and bicycle (4% of hypermarket respondents and 3% of traditional wet market respondents). Taxi and the others transportation mode have none of respondent chose such mode of transportation. Although majority of the respondents have the shortest travelling time from home to market as showed at Chapter 4.1.2.1, but most of them still prefer to drive to the market. 4.1.3Transaction Patterns 4.1.3.1 Frequency of Visiting Table 4.11: Frequency of Visiting Figure 4.11: Frequency of Visiting Majority of the respondents visiting markets once a week, 36% of hypermarket respondents and 40% traditional wet market respondents chose this category. While 27% of hypermarket respondents and 21% of traditional wet market respondents chose to visit the market less than once a week. Less than half of the respondents visit the market twice or more than twice weekly. From the data obtained, 21% of hypermarket respondents and 11% of traditional wet market respondents visit the market twice weekly, 12% of hypermarket respondents and 10% of traditional wet market respondents visit the market thrice weekly, and 4% of hypermarket respondents and 18% of traditional wet market respondents visit 4 times and more weekly. The respondents who visit the markets 4 times and above weekly are 4.5 times more than those hypermarket respondents do. 4.1.3.2 Visiting Markets with Whom Table 4.12: Visiting Markets with Whom Figure 4.12: Visiting Markets with Whom Almost half of the respondents prefer to visit the markets with their family member or relatives, this occupied 47% of hypermarket respondents and 52% of traditional wet market respondents. While the respondents who chose to visit markets with friends/ neighbors/ colleagues or alone, there is a significant different between hypermarket and traditional wet market. 36% of respondents of hypermarket prefer to go to the markets with their friends/ neighbors/ colleagues instead of go by alone, which has only 17% of the respondents chose that. On the other hand, traditional wet market is different. 36% of the respondents chose to go alone instead of go with friends/ neighbors/ colleagues, which only has 12%. None of them chose to visit the markets with the people who have other relationships. 4.1.3.Time Spent Table 4.13: Time Spent Figure 4.13: Time Spent From the data that obtained, majority of the traditional wet market respondent spent 30-60 minutes in the market, which occupied 49% of the traditional wet market respondent, followed by 1-2 hours (28%), 30 minutes and less (18%), and 2 hours and more (5%). While hypermarket respondents prefer to spent longer time in the market. 41% of hypermarket respondents spent 1-2 hours, followed by 30-60 minutes (32%), 2 hours and more (15%), 30 minutes and less (12%). For overall, 2/3 of traditional wet market respondents tends to spend shorter time compare to only 44% of hypermarket respondents spent less than 1 hour. 4.2Reliability Analysis Data of consumer perception have been collected in the approach of Likert scale, reliability of the data should be tested. Gatewood and Field (1990) said that reliability is the ability of the instrument in providing the consistent results when it is repeated used. Cronbachs alpha is the basic measurement for reliability and an alpha value of 0.7 is sufficient (Nunnally, 1978). All the store attributes will be tested in terms of the store attributes those contribute as the reasons of consumers to choose a retail store and also the importance level that respondents have given to the store attributes. 4.2.1Store Attributes as the Reasons for Consumers to Shop Following are the store attributes as the reasons for consumer to shop: Attribute 1 : Appropriate opening hours Attribute 2 : Near to place of residence Attribute 3 : Product quality Attribute 4 : Product variety Attribute 5 : Reasonable price Attribute 6 : Speed of purchase Attribute 7 : Satisfactorily service Attribute 8 : Spacious interior space Attribute 9 : Not crowded Attribute 10 : Clean and comfortable Attribute 11 : Good public transport available Attribute 12 : Car parking facilities Attribute 13 : Easiness on finding the product Attribute 14 : Habit Attribute 15 : Trust in vendor 4.2.1.1 Hypermarket Table 4.14: Reliability Statistics (Store Attributes as the Reasons for Consumers to Shop at Hypermarket) Table 4.15: Item-Total Statistics(Store Attributes as the Reasons for Consumers to ShopAt Hyperma

Epic of Gilgamesh :: essays research papers

The Change in Gilgamesh   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ever since the beginning of time, man has learned to mature by trials and tribulations. In the beginning of The Epic of Gilgamesh, the protagonist Gilgamesh appears to be an arrogant person who only cares about himself. He abuses all his powers and takes advantage of people with his physical abilities. Basically in the beginning he thinks that no one on earth is better than him. However, just like all epic poems, the protagonist encounters many challenges that make him a better person. So as the story progresses Gilgamesh slowly starts to change his personality. Various events help transform this tyrant to a humble person.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the beginning of the book, Gilgamesh appears to be selfish. Gilgamesh’s â€Å"arrogance has no bounds by day or night† (62). Even though he is created by the Gods to be perfect, he misuses his powers and gifts for his own earthly pleasure. He has sexual intercourse with all the virgins of his city even if they are already engaged. Through all Gilgamesh’s imperfections and faults, he learns to change his amoral personality. The friendship of Enkidu helped to change his ways, for only Enkidu, who â€Å"is the strongest of wild creatures,† (66) is a match for Gilgamesh. Through this companionship with Enkidu, Gilgamesh starts to realize his incapabilities and need for his friend. When they fight Humbaba, they both give moral support to each other when the other is scared. Another event that changes Gilgamesh’s character is the death of Enkidu. When Enkidu dies, Gilgamesh goes through the suffering of losing a loved one. Gilgamesh experiences a pain, which no worldly pleasure can ease. By this experience Gilgamesh starts to understand his vulnerability toward death and pain. Losing his best friend causes Gilgamesh to be melancholic. At this point Gilgamesh is humbled by the fact that even he could not escape the wrath of death. Gilgamesh goes from this arrogant king to a lonely grieving person with fear of death in his heart.